What is orthopedic oncology?

Orthopedic oncology is a subspecialty within orthopedic surgery that focuses on the treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors. As orthopedic oncologists, we also treat patients with other forms of cancer that have spread or metastasized to their bones or soft tissues.

Bone and soft tissue tumors

A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in the body that divides without the normal controls to stop it. They can be generally classified as benign or malignant. Bone and soft tissue tumors develop in the bones, cartilage or soft tissues, such as tendons, muscles, fat, nerves and blood vessels.

Benign tumors

Benign tumors are noncancerous growths. Typically, they grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body.

• Examples of noncancerous bone and tissue tumors include: osteochondromas, hemangiomas and lipomas.
• It's sometimes appropriate to simply monitor them; however, surgical removal may be the appropriate course of action depending on their size, location and the symptoms they cause.

Malignant tumors

Malignant tumors are cancerous and may spread to other parts of the body. 

• Sarcomas are cancerous tumors that are categorized as bone or soft tissue sarcomas depending on where they develop. Sarcomas are a rare form of cancer.
• Treatment options vary based on the size, location, severity and spread, but typical treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
• Metastatic disease that spreads to the bones may require surgery to stabilize a bone to improve pain and restore function.

Role of orthopedic oncologists

As orthopedic oncologists, we may diagnose and treat these bone and soft tissue tumors. In the management of sarcomas, we work with a multidisciplinary team of medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists and surgical oncologists to develop the best course of treatment for each patient.

Surgery to remove sarcomas

Sarcomas can be removed to preserve bodily function, prevent recurrence or limit spread.

• Limb salvage surgery removes a tumor while working to ensure the blood flow, nerves, tendons and muscles are preserved.
• Complex orthopedic reconstructions may involve surgical implants if a part of the bone needs to be removed.

Signs you may have a bone or soft tissue tumor

While the type and location of the tumor may cause your symptoms to vary, common signs may include:

• lumps or bumps
• swelling of a limb or around a joint
• pain with activity such as walking.

I tell patients to pay attention to changes because you know your body better than anyone else. Talk to your primary care provider about any concerns and if imaging is recommended